![]() For Hispanic and black students, those gaps would grow by 8 percent and 6 percent, respectively. Cook finds that if the third-grade tests controlled for differences in age, the existing difference in scores between white boys and girls would be 11 percent greater. That gender disparity produces the important effect of dampening achievement gaps favoring girls over boys. For white, black, and Hispanic students alike, boys are all held back more often. ![]() White male students were redshirted at the highest rate (9.9 percent), nearly 2.5 times that of black females (4 percent). National Bureau of Economic ResearchĬook also identified which students were most likely to be held back before kindergarten entry. Scores for redshirted pupils on academic assessments given at the end of third grade were 0.36 standard deviations higher in reading and 0.3 standard deviations higher in math Cook notes that both compare favorably to the advantages provided by attending a “no excuses” charter school or learning from an unusually effective teacher. The mean effect of an extra year of age is positive, and striking: Older students were 1.6 percent less likely to be diagnosed as learning disabled, 1 percent less likely to be speech impaired, and 2.3 percent more likely to be classified as intellectually gifted. Overall, about 6.7 percent of children in the state began school late. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, Cook traced the birth dates, kindergarten entry years, and academic performance of thousands of North Carolina students born between November 2003 and August 2004. This paper, written by Duke professor Philip Cook, largely replicates those findings. Related Study Shows That Kids Who Were Oldest in Kindergarten Enjoyed Benefits Well Into Their Teenage Years - and Beyond One recent study by Northwestern University’s David Figlio indicated that later school entry was associated with higher rates of college attendance and graduation, as well as a lower likelihood of incarceration. Research has largely shown that the effects of redshirting on academics are positive, with older students likely to score higher on standardized tests than their younger classmates. It has been estimated by Stanford professor Sean Reardon that between 4 percent and 5.5 percent of students begin school a year late. ![]() But the redshirting phenomenon has only recently waded into the mainstream discussion, most notably after Malcolm Gladwell dedicated a book chapter to the benefits of being the oldest and most physically mature student in a cohort. Some parents have always opted to keep their kids at home longer rather than enroll them as the youngest members of a class. Granting certain students that extra year of development before starting school can meaningfully affect achievement gaps, the authors found. Academic “redshirting” - the practice of holding children back a year before they enter kindergarten - is most widely used by parents of white male students, according to a paper circulated by the National Bureau of Economic Research. ![]()
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